diff --git a/modules/routes-generator-old.js b/modules/routes-generator-old.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 3019763d..00000000
--- a/modules/routes-generator-old.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,273 +0,0 @@
-window.RoutesOld = (function () {
-  const getRoads = function () {
-    TIME && console.time("generateMainRoads");
-    const cells = pack.cells;
-    const burgs = pack.burgs.filter(b => b.i && !b.removed);
-    const capitals = burgs.filter(b => b.capital).sort((a, b) => a.population - b.population);
-
-    if (capitals.length < 2) return []; // not enough capitals to build main roads
-    const paths = []; // array to store path segments
-
-    for (const b of capitals) {
-      const connect = capitals.filter(c => c.feature === b.feature && c !== b);
-      for (const t of connect) {
-        const [from, exit] = findLandPath(b.cell, t.cell, true);
-        const segments = restorePath(b.cell, exit, "main", from);
-        segments.forEach(s => paths.push(s));
-      }
-    }
-
-    cells.i.forEach(i => (cells.s[i] += cells.route[i] / 2)); // add roads to suitability score
-    TIME && console.timeEnd("generateMainRoads");
-    return paths;
-  };
-
-  const getTrails = function () {
-    TIME && console.time("generateTrails");
-    const cells = pack.cells;
-    const burgs = pack.burgs.filter(b => b.i && !b.removed);
-
-    if (burgs.length < 2) return []; // not enough burgs to build trails
-
-    let paths = []; // array to store path segments
-    for (const f of pack.features.filter(f => f.land)) {
-      const isle = burgs.filter(b => b.feature === f.i); // burgs on island
-      if (isle.length < 2) continue;
-
-      isle.forEach(function (b, i) {
-        let path = [];
-        if (!i) {
-          // build trail from the first burg on island
-          // to the farthest one on the same island or the closest road
-          const farthest = d3.scan(
-            isle,
-            (a, c) => (c.y - b.y) ** 2 + (c.x - b.x) ** 2 - ((a.y - b.y) ** 2 + (a.x - b.x) ** 2)
-          );
-          const to = isle[farthest].cell;
-          if (cells.route[to]) return;
-          const [from, exit] = findLandPath(b.cell, to, true);
-          path = restorePath(b.cell, exit, "small", from);
-        } else {
-          // build trail from all other burgs to the closest road on the same island
-          if (cells.route[b.cell]) return;
-          const [from, exit] = findLandPath(b.cell, null, true);
-          if (exit === null) return;
-          path = restorePath(b.cell, exit, "small", from);
-        }
-        if (path) paths = paths.concat(path);
-      });
-    }
-
-    TIME && console.timeEnd("generateTrails");
-    return paths;
-  };
-
-  const getSearoutes = function () {
-    TIME && console.time("generateSearoutes");
-    const {cells, burgs, features} = pack;
-    const allPorts = burgs.filter(b => b.port > 0 && !b.removed);
-
-    if (!allPorts.length) return [];
-
-    const bodies = new Set(allPorts.map(b => b.port)); // water features with ports
-    let paths = []; // array to store path segments
-    const connected = []; // store cell id of connected burgs
-
-    bodies.forEach(f => {
-      const ports = allPorts.filter(b => b.port === f); // all ports on the same feature
-      if (!ports.length) return;
-
-      if (features[f]?.border) addOverseaRoute(f, ports[0]);
-
-      // get inner-map routes
-      for (let s = 0; s < ports.length; s++) {
-        const source = ports[s].cell;
-        if (connected[source]) continue;
-
-        for (let t = s + 1; t < ports.length; t++) {
-          const target = ports[t].cell;
-          if (connected[target]) continue;
-
-          const [from, exit, passable] = findOceanPath(target, source, true);
-          if (!passable) continue;
-
-          const path = restorePath(target, exit, "ocean", from);
-          paths = paths.concat(path);
-
-          connected[source] = 1;
-          connected[target] = 1;
-        }
-      }
-    });
-
-    function addOverseaRoute(f, port) {
-      const {x, y, cell: source} = port;
-      const dist = p => Math.abs(p[0] - x) + Math.abs(p[1] - y);
-      const [x1, y1] = [
-        [0, y],
-        [x, 0],
-        [graphWidth, y],
-        [x, graphHeight]
-      ].sort((a, b) => dist(a) - dist(b))[0];
-      const target = findCell(x1, y1);
-
-      if (cells.f[target] === f && cells.h[target] < 20) {
-        const [from, exit, passable] = findOceanPath(target, source, true);
-
-        if (passable) {
-          const path = restorePath(target, exit, "ocean", from);
-          paths = paths.concat(path);
-          last(path).push([x1, y1]);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    TIME && console.timeEnd("generateSearoutes");
-    return paths;
-  };
-
-  const draw = function (main, small, water) {
-    TIME && console.time("drawRoutes");
-    const {cells, burgs} = pack;
-    const {burg, p} = cells;
-
-    const getBurgCoords = b => [burgs[b].x, burgs[b].y];
-    const getPathPoints = cells => cells.map(i => (Array.isArray(i) ? i : burg[i] ? getBurgCoords(burg[i]) : p[i]));
-    const getPath = segment => round(lineGen(getPathPoints(segment)), 1);
-    const getPathsHTML = (paths, type) =>
-      paths.map((path, i) => `<path id="${type}${i}" d="${getPath(path)}" />`).join("");
-
-    lineGen.curve(d3.curveCatmullRom.alpha(0.1));
-    roads.html(getPathsHTML(main, "road"));
-    trails.html(getPathsHTML(small, "trail"));
-
-    lineGen.curve(d3.curveBundle.beta(1));
-    searoutes.html(getPathsHTML(water, "searoute"));
-
-    TIME && console.timeEnd("drawRoutes");
-  };
-
-  const regenerate = function () {
-    routes.selectAll("path").remove();
-    pack.cells.route = new Uint16Array(pack.cells.i.length);
-    pack.cells.crossroad = new Uint16Array(pack.cells.i.length);
-    const main = getRoads();
-    const small = getTrails();
-    const water = getSearoutes();
-    draw(main, small, water);
-  };
-
-  return {getRoads, getTrails, getSearoutes, draw, regenerate};
-
-  // Find a land path to a specific cell (exit), to a closest road (toRoad), or to all reachable cells (null, null)
-  function findLandPath(start, exit = null, toRoad = null) {
-    const cells = pack.cells;
-    const queue = new PriorityQueue({comparator: (a, b) => a.p - b.p});
-    const cost = [],
-      from = [];
-    queue.queue({e: start, p: 0});
-
-    while (queue.length) {
-      const next = queue.dequeue(),
-        n = next.e,
-        p = next.p;
-      if (toRoad && cells.route[n]) return [from, n];
-
-      for (const c of cells.c[n]) {
-        if (cells.h[c] < 20) continue; // ignore water cells
-        const stateChangeCost = cells.state && cells.state[c] !== cells.state[n] ? 400 : 0; // trails tend to lay within the same state
-        const habitability = biomesData.habitability[cells.biome[c]];
-        if (!habitability) continue; // avoid inhabitable cells (eg. lava, glacier)
-        const habitedCost = habitability ? Math.max(100 - habitability, 0) : 400; // routes tend to lay within populated areas
-        const heightChangeCost = Math.abs(cells.h[c] - cells.h[n]) * 10; // routes tend to avoid elevation changes
-        const heightCost = cells.h[c] > 80 ? cells.h[c] : 0; // routes tend to avoid mountainous areas
-        const cellCoast = 10 + stateChangeCost + habitedCost + heightChangeCost + heightCost;
-        const totalCost = p + (cells.route[c] || cells.burg[c] ? cellCoast / 3 : cellCoast);
-
-        if (from[c] || totalCost >= cost[c]) continue;
-        from[c] = n;
-        if (c === exit) return [from, exit];
-        cost[c] = totalCost;
-        queue.queue({e: c, p: totalCost});
-      }
-    }
-    return [from, exit];
-  }
-
-  function restorePath(start, end, type, from) {
-    const cells = pack.cells;
-    const path = []; // to store all segments;
-    let segment = [],
-      current = end,
-      prev = end;
-    const score = type === "main" ? 5 : 1; // to increase road score at cell
-
-    if (type === "ocean" || !cells.route[prev]) segment.push(end);
-    if (!cells.route[prev]) cells.route[prev] = score;
-
-    for (let i = 0, limit = 1000; i < limit; i++) {
-      if (!from[current]) break;
-      current = from[current];
-
-      if (cells.route[current]) {
-        if (segment.length) {
-          segment.push(current);
-          path.push(segment);
-          if (segment[0] !== end) {
-            cells.route[segment[0]] += score;
-            cells.crossroad[segment[0]] += score;
-          }
-          if (current !== start) {
-            cells.route[current] += score;
-            cells.crossroad[current] += score;
-          }
-        }
-        segment = [];
-        prev = current;
-      } else {
-        if (prev) segment.push(prev);
-        prev = null;
-        segment.push(current);
-      }
-
-      cells.route[current] += score;
-      if (current === start) break;
-    }
-
-    if (segment.length > 1) path.push(segment);
-    return path;
-  }
-
-  // find water paths
-  function findOceanPath(start, exit = null, toRoute = null) {
-    const cells = pack.cells,
-      temp = grid.cells.temp;
-    const queue = new PriorityQueue({comparator: (a, b) => a.p - b.p});
-    const cost = [],
-      from = [];
-    queue.queue({e: start, p: 0});
-
-    while (queue.length) {
-      const next = queue.dequeue(),
-        n = next.e,
-        p = next.p;
-      if (toRoute && n !== start && cells.route[n]) return [from, n, true];
-
-      for (const c of cells.c[n]) {
-        if (c === exit) {
-          from[c] = n;
-          return [from, exit, true];
-        }
-        if (cells.h[c] >= 20) continue; // ignore land cells
-        if (temp[cells.g[c]] <= -5) continue; // ignore cells with term <= -5
-        const dist2 = (cells.p[c][1] - cells.p[n][1]) ** 2 + (cells.p[c][0] - cells.p[n][0]) ** 2;
-        const totalCost = p + (cells.route[c] ? 1 + dist2 / 2 : dist2 + (cells.t[c] ? 1 : 100));
-
-        if (from[c] || totalCost >= cost[c]) continue;
-        (from[c] = n), (cost[c] = totalCost);
-        queue.queue({e: c, p: totalCost});
-      }
-    }
-    return [from, exit, false];
-  }
-})();
diff --git a/modules/routes-generator.js b/modules/routes-generator.js
index 44b33f66..dcaac978 100644
--- a/modules/routes-generator.js
+++ b/modules/routes-generator.js
@@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
+// suggested data format
+
+// pack.cells.connectivity = {
+//   cellId1: {
+//     toCellId2: routeId2,
+//     toCellId3: routeId2,
+//   },
+//   cellId2: {
+//     toCellId1: routeId2,
+//     toCellId3: routeId1,
+//   }
+// }
+
+// pack.routes = [
+//   {i, group: "roads", feature: featureId, cells: [cellId], points?: [[x, y], [x, y]]}
+// ];
+
 window.Routes = (function () {
   const ROUTES = {
     MAIN_ROAD: 1,
@@ -91,14 +108,36 @@ window.Routes = (function () {
       TIME && console.time("generateSeaRoutes");
       const seaRoutes = [];
 
+      let skip = false;
+
       for (const [featureId, featurePorts] of Object.entries(portsByFeature)) {
         const points = featurePorts.map(burg => [burg.x, burg.y]);
         const urquhartEdges = calculateUrquhartEdges(points);
-        console.log(urquhartEdges);
+
         urquhartEdges.forEach(([fromId, toId]) => {
           const start = featurePorts[fromId].cell;
           const exit = featurePorts[toId].cell;
 
+          if (skip) return;
+          if (start === 444 && exit === 297) {
+            // if (segment.join(",") === "124,122,120") debugger;
+            skip = true;
+
+            for (const con of connections) {
+              const [from, to] = con[0].split("-").map(Number);
+              const [x1, y1] = cells.p[from];
+              const [x2, y2] = cells.p[to];
+              debug
+                .append("line")
+                .attr("x1", x1)
+                .attr("y1", y1)
+                .attr("x2", x2)
+                .attr("y2", y2)
+                .attr("stroke", "red")
+                .attr("stroke-width", 0.2);
+            }
+          }
+
           const segments = findPathSegments({isWater: true, connections, start, exit});
           for (const segment of segments) {
             addConnections(segment, ROUTES.SEA_ROUTE);
@@ -170,6 +209,8 @@ window.Routes = (function () {
     const queue = new FlatQueue();
     queue.push(start, 0);
 
+    const isDebug = start === 444 && exit === 297;
+
     return isWater ? findWaterPath() : findLandPath();
 
     function findLandPath() {
@@ -188,7 +229,7 @@ window.Routes = (function () {
           const habitabilityModifier = 1 + Math.max(100 - habitability, 0) / 1000; // [1, 1.1];
           const heightModifier = 1 + Math.max(cells.h[neibCellId] - 25, 25) / 25; // [1, 3];
           const connectionModifier = connections.has(`${next}-${neibCellId}`) ? 1 : 3;
-          const burgModifier = cells.burg[neibCellId] ? 1 : 2;
+          const burgModifier = cells.burg[neibCellId] ? 1 : 3;
 
           const cellsCost = distanceCost * habitabilityModifier * heightModifier * connectionModifier * burgModifier;
           const totalCost = priority + cellsCost;
@@ -210,13 +251,16 @@ window.Routes = (function () {
       while (queue.length) {
         const priority = queue.peekValue();
         const next = queue.pop();
+        isDebug && console.log("next", next);
 
         for (const neibCellId of cells.c[next]) {
           if (neibCellId === exit) {
+            isDebug && console.log(`neib ${neibCellId} is exit`);
             from[neibCellId] = next;
             return from;
           }
 
+          // if (from[neibCellId]) continue; // don't go back
           if (cells.h[neibCellId] >= 20) continue; // ignore land cells
           if (temp[cells.g[neibCellId]] < MIN_PASSABLE_SEA_TEMP) continue; // ignore too cold cells
 
@@ -227,7 +271,17 @@ window.Routes = (function () {
           const cellsCost = distanceCost * typeModifier * connectionModifier;
           const totalCost = priority + cellsCost;
 
-          if (from[neibCellId] || totalCost >= cost[neibCellId]) continue;
+          if (isDebug) {
+            const lost = totalCost >= cost[neibCellId];
+            console.log(
+              `neib ${neibCellId}`,
+              `cellCost ${rn(cellsCost)}`,
+              `new ${rn(totalCost)} ${lost ? ">=" : "<"} prev ${rn(cost[neibCellId])}.`,
+              `${lost ? "lost" : "won"}`
+            );
+          }
+
+          if (totalCost >= cost[neibCellId]) continue;
           from[neibCellId] = next;
 
           cost[neibCellId] = totalCost;
diff --git a/modules/ui/layers.js b/modules/ui/layers.js
index b018ed10..ad826bc7 100644
--- a/modules/ui/layers.js
+++ b/modules/ui/layers.js
@@ -1653,11 +1653,11 @@ function drawRoutes() {
   };
 
   for (const {i, group, cells} of pack.routes) {
-    if (group !== "searoutes") straightenPathAngles(cells); // mutates points
+    // if (group !== "searoutes") straightenPathAngles(cells); // mutates points
     const pathPoints = getPathPoints(cells);
 
     // TODO: temporary view for searoutes
-    if (group === "searoutes2") {
+    if (group) {
       const pathPoints = cells.map(cellId => points[cellId]);
       const color = getMixedColor("#000000", 0.6);
       const line = "M" + pathPoints.join("L");
@@ -1667,9 +1667,9 @@ function drawRoutes() {
       if (!routePaths[group]) routePaths[group] = [];
       routePaths[group].push(`<path id="route${i}" d="${line}" stroke=${color} />`);
 
-      lineGen.curve(curves[group] || curves.default);
-      const path = round(lineGen(pathPoints), 1);
-      routePaths[group].push(`<path id="route${i}" d="${path}" stroke-width="0.15"/> `);
+      // lineGen.curve(curves[group] || curves.default);
+      // const path = round(lineGen(pathPoints), 1);
+      // routePaths[group].push(`<path id="route${i}" d="${path}" stroke-width="0.15"/> `);
       continue;
     }
 
@@ -1685,6 +1685,8 @@ function drawRoutes() {
     routes.select("#" + group).html(routePaths[group].join(""));
   }
 
+  drawCellsValue(pack.cells.i);
+
   TIME && console.timeEnd("drawRoutes");
 
   function adjustBurgPoints() {