diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 75df1f56..2fb90f09 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -1520,14 +1520,14 @@
         <p data-tip="Map generation settings. Generate a new map to apply the settings">Map settings (new map to apply):</p>
         <table>
 
-          <tr data-tip="Canvas height and width in pixels, please keep at your screen size or less to improve performance">
+          <tr data-tip="Canvas size in pixels, keep equal to screen size or less to improve performance. Please note the best aspect ratio for maps is 2:1">
             <td></td>
             <td>Canvas size</td>
             <td>
-              <span data-tip="Map width in pixels">width</span>
-              <input data-tip="Map width in pixels" id="mapWidthInput" class="paired" type="number" min=240 value=960>
-              <span data-tip="Map height in pixels">height</span>
-              <input data-tip="Map height in pixels" id="mapHeightInput" class="paired" type="number" min=135 value=540>
+              <span>width</span>
+              <input id="mapWidthInput" class="paired" type="number" min=240 value=960>
+              <span>height</span>
+              <input id="mapHeightInput" class="paired" type="number" min=135 value=540>
             </td>
             <td>
               <i data-tip="Toggle between screen size and initial canvas size" id="toggleFullscreen" class="icon-resize-full-alt"></i>
diff --git a/main.js b/main.js
index 35dfa0e8..3bb562fe 100644
--- a/main.js
+++ b/main.js
@@ -499,6 +499,7 @@ function generate() {
     markFeatures();
     openNearSeaLakes();
     OceanLayers();
+    defineMapSize();
     calculateMapCoordinates();
     calculateTemperatures();
     generatePrecipitation();
@@ -676,6 +677,38 @@ function openNearSeaLakes() {
   console.timeEnd("openLakes");
 }
 
+// define map size and position based on template and random factor
+function defineMapSize() {
+  const [size, latitude] = getSizeAndLatitude();
+  if (!locked("mapSize")) mapSizeOutput.value = mapSizeInput.value = size;
+  if (!locked("latitude")) latitudeOutput.value = latitudeInput.value = latitude;
+
+  function getSizeAndLatitude() {
+    const template = document.getElementById("templateInput").value; // heightmap template
+    const part = grid.features.some(f => f.land && f.border); // if land goes over map borders
+    const max = part ? 85 : 100; // max size
+    const lat = part ? gauss(P(.5) ? 30 : 70, 15, 15, 85) : gauss(50, 20, 0, 100); // latiture shift
+
+    if (!part) {
+      if (template === "Pangea") return [100, 50];
+      if (template === "Shattered" && P(.8)) return [100, 50];
+      if (template === "Continents" && P(.7)) return [100, 50];
+      if (template === "Archipelago" && P(.35)) return [100, 50];
+      if (template === "High Island" && P(.3)) return [100, 50];
+      if (template === "Low Island" && P(.1)) return [100, 50];
+    }
+
+    if (template === "Pangea") return [gauss(75, 20, 30, max), lat];
+    if (template === "Volcano") return [gauss(40, 25, 10, max), lat];
+    if (template === "Mediterranean") return [gauss(40, 30, 15, 80), lat];
+    if (template === "Peninsula") return [gauss(15, 15, 5, 80), lat];
+    if (template === "Isthmus") return [gauss(20, 20, 3, 80), lat];
+    if (template === "Atoll") return [gauss(10, 10, 2, max), lat];
+
+    return [gauss(50, 20, 15, max), lat]; // Continents, Archipelago, High Island, Low Island
+  }
+}
+
 // calculate map position on globe
 function calculateMapCoordinates() {
   const size = +document.getElementById("mapSizeOutput").value;
@@ -1158,7 +1191,7 @@ function addMarkers(number = 1) {
         .attr("data-size", 1).attr("width", 30).attr("height", 30);
       const height = getFriendlyHeight([x, y]);
       const proper = Names.getCulture(cells.culture[cell]);
-      const name = Math.random() < .3 ? "Mount " + proper : Math.random() > .3 ? proper + " Volcano" : proper;
+      const name = P(.3) ? "Mount " + proper : Math.random() > .3 ? proper + " Volcano" : proper;
       notes.push({id, name, legend:`Active volcano. Height: ${height}`});
       count--;
     }
@@ -1234,7 +1267,7 @@ function addMarkers(number = 1) {
       const burg = pack.burgs[cells.burg[cell]];
       const river = pack.rivers.find(r => r.i === pack.cells.r[cell]);
       const riverName = river ? `${river.name} ${river.type}` : "river";
-      const name = river && Math.random() < .2 ? river.name : burg.name;
+      const name = river && P(.2) ? river.name : burg.name;
       notes.push({id, name:`${name} Bridge`, legend:`A stone bridge over the ${riverName} near ${burg.name}`});
       count--;
     }
@@ -1261,8 +1294,8 @@ function addMarkers(number = 1) {
         .attr("data-x", x).attr("data-y", y).attr("x", x - 15).attr("y", y - 30)
         .attr("data-size", 1).attr("width", 30).attr("height", 30);
 
-      const type = Math.random() > .7 ? "inn" : "tavern";
-      const name = Math.random() < .5 ? ra(color) + " " + ra(animal) : Math.random() < .6 ? ra(adj) + " " + ra(animal) : ra(adj) + " " + capitalize(type);
+      const type = P(.3) ? "inn" : "tavern";
+      const name = P(.5) ? ra(color) + " " + ra(animal) : P(.6) ? ra(adj) + " " + ra(animal) : ra(adj) + " " + capitalize(type);
       notes.push({id, name: "The " + name, legend:`A big and famous roadside ${type}`});
     }
   }()
@@ -1375,7 +1408,7 @@ function addZones(number = 1) {
     const cellsArray = [], queue = [cell], power = rand(5, 30);
 
     while (queue.length) {
-      const q = Math.random() < .4 ? queue.shift() : queue.pop();
+      const q = P(.4) ? queue.shift() : queue.pop();
       cellsArray.push(q);
       if (cellsArray.length > power) break;
 
@@ -1543,7 +1576,7 @@ function addZones(number = 1) {
     const cellsArray = [], queue = [cell], power = rand(10, 30);
 
     while (queue.length) {
-      const q = Math.random() < .5 ? queue.shift() : queue.pop();
+      const q = P(.5) ? queue.shift() : queue.pop();
       cellsArray.push(q);
       if (cellsArray.length > power) break;
       cells.c[q].forEach(e => {
@@ -1564,7 +1597,7 @@ function addZones(number = 1) {
     const cellsArray = [], queue = [cell], power = rand(3, 15);
 
     while (queue.length) {
-      const q = Math.random() < .3 ? queue.shift() : queue.pop();
+      const q = P(.3) ? queue.shift() : queue.pop();
       cellsArray.push(q);
       if (cellsArray.length > power) break;
       cells.c[q].forEach(e => {
@@ -1668,10 +1701,11 @@ function showStatistics() {
   const template = templateInput.value;
   const templateRandom = locked("template") ? "" : "(random)";
   const stats = `  Seed: ${seed}
-  Size: ${graphWidth}x${graphHeight}
+  Canvas size: ${graphWidth}x${graphHeight}
   Template: ${template} ${templateRandom}
   Points: ${grid.points.length}
   Cells: ${pack.cells.i.length}
+  Map size: ${mapSizeOutput.value}%
   States: ${pack.states.length-1}
   Provinces: ${pack.provinces.length-1}
   Burgs: ${pack.burgs.length-1}
diff --git a/modules/burgs-and-states.js b/modules/burgs-and-states.js
index 2d628a16..c8a175d8 100644
--- a/modules/burgs-and-states.js
+++ b/modules/burgs-and-states.js
@@ -186,13 +186,13 @@
   const defineBurgFeatures = function() {
     pack.burgs.filter(b => b.i && !b.removed).forEach(b => {
       const pop = b.population;
-      b.citadel = b.capital || pop > 50 && Math.random() < .75 || Math.random() < .5 ? 1 : 0;
-      b.plaza = pop > 50 || pop > 30 && Math.random() < .75 || pop > 10 && Math.random() < .5 || Math.random() < .25 ? 1 : 0;
-      b.walls = b.capital || pop > 30 || pop > 20 && Math.random() < .75 || pop > 10 && Math.random() < .5 || Math.random() < .2 ? 1 : 0;
-      b.shanty = pop > 30 || pop > 20 && Math.random() < .75 || b.walls && Math.random() < .75 ? 1 : 0;
+      b.citadel = b.capital || pop > 50 && P(.75) || P(.5) ? 1 : 0;
+      b.plaza = pop > 50 || pop > 30 && P(.75) || pop > 10 && P(.5) || P(.25) ? 1 : 0;
+      b.walls = b.capital || pop > 30 || pop > 20 && P(.75) || pop > 10 && P(.5) || P(.2) ? 1 : 0;
+      b.shanty = pop > 30 || pop > 20 && P(.75) || b.walls && P(.75) ? 1 : 0;
       const religion = pack.cells.religion[b.cell];
       const theocracy = pack.states[b.state].form === "Theocracy";
-      b.temple = religion && theocracy || pop > 50 || pop > 35 && Math.random() < .75 || pop > 20 && Math.random() < .5 ? 1 : 0;
+      b.temple = religion && theocracy || pop > 50 || pop > 35 && P(.75) || pop > 20 && P(.5) ? 1 : 0;
     });
   }
 
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@
         let status = naval ? rw(navals) : neib ? rw(neibs) : neibOfNeib ? rw(neibsOfNeibs) : rw(far);
 
         // add Vassal
-        if (neib && Math.random() < .8 && states[f].area > areaMean && states[t].area < areaMean && states[f].area / states[t].area > 2) status = "Vassal";
+        if (neib && P(.8) && states[f].area > areaMean && states[t].area < areaMean && states[f].area / states[t].area > 2) status = "Vassal";
         states[f].diplomacy[t] = status === "Vassal" ? "Suzerain" : status;
         states[t].diplomacy[f] = status;
       }
@@ -707,7 +707,7 @@
       ad.forEach((r, d) => {
         if (r !== "Ally" || states[d].diplomacy.includes("Vassal") || defenders.includes(d)) return;
         const name = states[d].name;
-        if (states[d].diplomacy[defender] !== "Rival" && (Math.random() < .2 || ap <= dp * 1.2)) {war.push(`${an}'s ally ${name} avoided entering the war`); return;}
+        if (states[d].diplomacy[defender] !== "Rival" && (P(.2) || ap <= dp * 1.2)) {war.push(`${an}'s ally ${name} avoided entering the war`); return;}
         const allies = states[d].diplomacy.map((r, d) => r === "Ally" ? d : 0).filter(d => d);
         if (allies.some(ally => defenders.includes(ally))) {war.push(`${an}'s ally ${name} did not join the war as its allies are in war on both sides`); return;};
 
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@
     for (const s of states) {
       if (list && !list.includes(s.i)) continue;
       const religion = pack.cells.religion[s.center];
-      const theocracy = religion && pack.religions[religion].expansion === "state" || (Math.random() < .1 && pack.religions[religion].type === "Organized");
+      const theocracy = religion && pack.religions[religion].expansion === "state" || (P(.1) && pack.religions[religion].type === "Organized");
       s.form = theocracy ? "Theocracy" : s.type === "Naval" ? ra(navalArray) : ra(genericArray);
       s.formName = selectForm(s);
       s.fullName = getFullName(s);
@@ -767,14 +767,14 @@
 
     function selectForm(s) {
       const base = pack.cultures[s.culture].base;
-      if (s.type === "Nomadic" && Math.random() < .3) return "Horde"; // some nomadic states
+      if (s.type === "Nomadic" && P(.3)) return "Horde"; // some nomadic states
 
       if (s.form === "Monarchy") {
         const form = monarchy[expTiers[s.i]];
         // Default name depends on exponent tier, some culture bases have special names for tiers
         if (s.diplomacy) {
           if (form === "Duchy" && s.neighbors.length > 1 && rand(6) < s.neighbors.length && s.diplomacy.includes("Vassal")) return "Marches"; // some vassal dutchies on borderland
-          if (Math.random() < .3 && s.diplomacy.includes("Vassal")) return "Protectorate"; // some vassals
+          if (P(.3) && s.diplomacy.includes("Vassal")) return "Protectorate"; // some vassals
         }
 
         if (base === 16 && (form === "Empire" || form === "Kingdom")) return "Sultanate"; // Turkic
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@
             s.name = pack.burgs[s.capital].name;
             return "Free City";
           }
-          if (Math.random() < .3) return "City-state";
+          if (P(.3)) return "City-state";
         }
         return rw(republic);
       }
@@ -861,7 +861,7 @@
         const center = stateBurgs[i].cell;
         const burg = stateBurgs[i].i;
         const c = stateBurgs[i].culture;
-        const name = Math.random() < .5 ? Names.getState(Names.getCultureShort(c), c) : stateBurgs[i].name;
+        const name = P(.5) ? Names.getState(Names.getCultureShort(c), c) : stateBurgs[i].name;
         const formName = rw(form);
         form[formName] += 5;
         const fullName = name + " " + formName;
@@ -950,12 +950,12 @@
 
         // generate "wild" province name
         const c = cells.culture[center];
-        const name = burgCell && Math.random() < .5 ? burgs[burg].name : Names.getState(Names.getCultureShort(c), c);
+        const name = burgCell && P(.5) ? burgs[burg].name : Names.getState(Names.getCultureShort(c), c);
         const f = pack.features[cells.f[center]];
         const provCells = stateNoProvince.filter(i => cells.province[i] === province);
         const singleIsle = provCells.length === f.cells && !provCells.find(i => cells.f[i] !== f.i);
         const isleGroup = !singleIsle && !provCells.find(i => pack.features[cells.f[i]].group !== "isle");
-        const colony = !singleIsle && !isleGroup && Math.random() < .5 && !isPassable(s.center, center);
+        const colony = !singleIsle && !isleGroup && P(.5) && !isPassable(s.center, center);
         const formName = singleIsle ? "Island" : isleGroup ? "Islands" : colony ? "Colony" : rw(forms["Wild"]);
         const fullName = name + " " + formName;
         const color = getMixedColor(s.color);
diff --git a/modules/cultures-generator.js b/modules/cultures-generator.js
index 386ccc62..22823c83 100644
--- a/modules/cultures-generator.js
+++ b/modules/cultures-generator.js
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
       if (cells.h[i] > 50) return "Highland"; // no penalty for hills and moutains, high for other elevations
       const f = pack.features[cells.f[cells.haven[i]]]; // feature
       if (f.type === "lake" && f.cells > 5) return "Lake" // low water cross penalty and high for non-along-coastline growth
-      if ((f.cells < 10 && cells.harbor[i]) || (cells.harbor[i] === 1 && Math.random() < .5)) return "Naval"; // low water cross penalty and high for non-along-coastline growth
+      if ((f.cells < 10 && cells.harbor[i]) || (cells.harbor[i] === 1 && P(.5))) return "Naval"; // low water cross penalty and high for non-along-coastline growth
       if (cells.r[i] && cells.fl[i] > 100) return "River"; // no River cross penalty, penalty for non-River growth
       const b = cells.biome[i];
       if (b === 4 || b === 1 || b === 2) return "Nomadic"; // high penalty in forest biomes and near coastline
diff --git a/modules/heightmap-generator.js b/modules/heightmap-generator.js
index af152b0b..28643976 100644
--- a/modules/heightmap-generator.js
+++ b/modules/heightmap-generator.js
@@ -14,17 +14,17 @@
     const input = document.getElementById("templateInput");
     if (!locked("template")) {
       const templates = {
-        "Volcano":      5,
+        "Volcano":      3,
         "High Island":  22,
-        "Low Island":   10,
+        "Low Island":   9,
         "Continents":   20,
-        "Archipelago":  30,
+        "Archipelago":  25,
         "Mediterranean":3,
         "Peninsula":    3,
-        "Pangea":       2,
+        "Pangea":       5,
         "Isthmus":      2,
         "Atoll":        1,
-        "Shattered":    2};
+        "Shattered":    7};
       input.value = rw(templates);
     }
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@
   const addHill = function(count, height, rangeX, rangeY) {
     count = getNumberInRange(count);
     const power = getBlobPower();
-    while (count >= 1 || Math.random() < count) {addOneHill(); count--;}
+    while (count > 0) {addOneHill(); count--;}
 
     function addOneHill() {
       const change = new Uint8Array( cells.h.length);
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@
 
   const addPit = function(count, height, rangeX, rangeY) {
     count = getNumberInRange(count);
-    while (count >= 1 || Math.random() < count) {addOnePit(); count--;}
+    while (count > 0) {addOnePit(); count--;}
 
     function addOnePit() {
       const used = new Uint8Array(cells.h.length);
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@
   const addRange = function(count, height, rangeX, rangeY) {
     count = getNumberInRange(count);
     const power = getLinePower();
-    while (count >= 1 || Math.random() < count) {addOneRange(); count--;}
+    while (count > 0) {addOneRange(); count--;}
 
     function addOneRange() {
       const used = new Uint8Array(cells.h.length);
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@
   const addTrough = function(count, height, rangeX, rangeY) {
     count = getNumberInRange(count);
     const power = getLinePower();
-    while (count >= 1 || Math.random() < count) {addOneTrough(); count--;}
+    while (count > 0) {addOneTrough(); count--;}
 
     function addOneTrough() {
       const used = new Uint8Array(cells.h.length);
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@
 
   const addStrait = function(width, direction = "vertical") {
     width = Math.min(getNumberInRange(width), grid.cellsX/3);
-    if (width < 1 && Math.random() < width) return;
+    if (width < 1 && P(width)) return;
     const used = new Uint8Array(cells.h.length);
     const vert = direction === "vertical";
     const startX = vert ? Math.floor(Math.random() * graphWidth * .4 + graphWidth * .3) : 5;
diff --git a/modules/names-generator.js b/modules/names-generator.js
index 0ace981e..6a3c3c4f 100644
--- a/modules/names-generator.js
+++ b/modules/names-generator.js
@@ -137,17 +137,17 @@
 
     if (base === 5 && ["sk", "ev", "ov"].includes(name.slice(-2))) name = name.slice(0,-2); // remove -sk/-ev/-ov for Ruthenian
     else if (base === 12) return vowel(name.slice(-1)) ? name : name + "u"; // Japanese ends on any vowel or -u
-    else if (base === 18 && Math.random() < .4) name = vowel(name.slice(0,1).toLowerCase()) ? "Al" + name.toLowerCase() : "Al " + name; // Arabic starts with -Al
+    else if (base === 18 && P(.4)) name = vowel(name.slice(0,1).toLowerCase()) ? "Al" + name.toLowerCase() : "Al " + name; // Arabic starts with -Al
 
     // no suffix for fantasy bases
     if (base > 32 && base < 42) return name;
 
     // define if suffix should be used
     if (name.length > 3 && vowel(name.slice(-1))) {
-      if (vowel(name.slice(-2,-1)) && Math.random() < .85) name = name.slice(0,-2); // 85% for vv
-      else if (Math.random() < .7) name = name.slice(0,-1); // ~60% for cv
+      if (vowel(name.slice(-2,-1)) && P(.85)) name = name.slice(0,-2); // 85% for vv
+      else if (P(.7)) name = name.slice(0,-1); // ~60% for cv
       else return name;
-    } else if (Math.random() < .4) return name; // 60% for cc and vc
+    } else if (P(.4)) return name; // 60% for cc and vc
   
     // define suffix
     let suffix = "ia"; // standard suffix
@@ -187,17 +187,17 @@
   const getMapName = function(force) {
     if (!force && locked("mapName")) return;
     if (force && locked("mapName")) unlock("mapName");
-    const base = Math.random() < .7 ? 2 : Math.random() < .5 ? rand(0, 6) : rand(0, 31);
+    const base = P(.7) ? 2 : P(.5) ? rand(0, 6) : rand(0, 31);
     if (!nameBases[base]) {tip("Namebase is not found", false, "error"); return ""};
     const min = nameBases[base].min-1;
     const max = Math.max(nameBases[base].max-3, min);
     const baseName = getBase(base, min, max, "", 0);
-    const name = Math.random() < .7 ? addSuffix(baseName) : baseName;
+    const name = P(.7) ? addSuffix(baseName) : baseName;
     mapName.value = name;
   }
 
   function addSuffix(name) {
-    const suffix = Math.random() < .8 ? "ia" : "land";
+    const suffix = P(.8) ? "ia" : "land";
     if (suffix === "ia" && name.length > 6) name = name.slice(0, -(name.length-3)); else
     if (suffix === "land" && name.length > 6) name = name.slice(0, -(name.length-5));
     return validateSuffix(name, suffix);
diff --git a/modules/ocean-layers.js b/modules/ocean-layers.js
index aabcdb6e..b72bc5ad 100644
--- a/modules/ocean-layers.js
+++ b/modules/ocean-layers.js
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@
 
   function randomizeOutline() {
     const limits = [];
-    let odd = 0.2
+    let odd = .2
     for (let l = -9; l < 0; l++) {
-      if (Math.random() < odd) {odd = 0.2; limits.push(l);}
+      if (P(odd)) {odd = .2; limits.push(l);}
       else {odd *= 2;}
     }
     return limits;
diff --git a/modules/river-generator.js b/modules/river-generator.js
index f2593984..7f4bbe0b 100644
--- a/modules/river-generator.js
+++ b/modules/river-generator.js
@@ -178,13 +178,13 @@
       const sin = Math.sin(angle), cos = Math.cos(angle);
       const serpentine = 1 / (s + 1) + 0.3;
       const meandr = serpentine + Math.random() * rndFactor;
-      if (Math.random() < 0.5) side *= -1; // change meandring direction in 50%
+      if (P(.5)) side *= -1; // change meandring direction in 50%
       const dist2 = (eX - sX) ** 2 + (eY - sY) ** 2;
       // if dist2 is big or river is small add extra points at 1/3 and 2/3 of segment
       if (dist2 > 64 || (dist2 > 16 && segments.length < 6)) {
         const p1x = (sX * 2 + eX) / 3 + side * -sin * meandr;
         const p1y = (sY * 2 + eY) / 3 + side * cos * meandr;
-        if (Math.random() < 0.2) side *= -1; // change 2nd extra point meandring direction in 20%
+        if (P(.2)) side *= -1; // change 2nd extra point meandring direction in 20%
         const p2x = (sX + eX * 2) / 3 + side * sin * meandr;
         const p2y = (sY + eY * 2) / 3 + side * cos * meandr;
         riverEnhanced.push([p1x, p1y], [p2x, p2y]);
diff --git a/modules/ui/layers.js b/modules/ui/layers.js
index 27201082..cb879003 100644
--- a/modules/ui/layers.js
+++ b/modules/ui/layers.js
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ function drawCoordinates() {
 
   const desired = +coordinates.attr("data-size"); // desired label size
   coordinates.attr("font-size", Math.max(rn(desired / scale ** .8, 2), .1)); // actual label size
-  const graticule = d3.geoGraticule().extent([[mapCoordinates.lonW, mapCoordinates.latN], [mapCoordinates.lonE, mapCoordinates.latS]])
+  const graticule = d3.geoGraticule().extent([[mapCoordinates.lonW, mapCoordinates.latN], [mapCoordinates.lonE+.1, mapCoordinates.latS+.1]])
     .stepMajor([400, 400]).stepMinor([step, step]);
   const projection = d3.geoEquirectangular().fitSize([graphWidth, graphHeight], graticule());
 
diff --git a/modules/ui/options.js b/modules/ui/options.js
index 557d8003..cd81d757 100644
--- a/modules/ui/options.js
+++ b/modules/ui/options.js
@@ -318,16 +318,13 @@ function randomizeOptions() {
   if (!locked("power")) powerInput.value = powerOutput.value = gauss(3, 2, 0, 10);
   if (!locked("neutral")) neutralInput.value = neutralOutput.value = rn(1 + Math.random(), 1);
   if (!locked("cultures")) culturesInput.value = culturesOutput.value = gauss(12, 3, 5, 30);
-  if (!locked("culturesSet")) culturesSet.value = ra(Array.from(culturesSet.options)).value;
-  changeCultureSet();
+  if (!locked("culturesSet")) randomizeCultureSet();
 
   // 'Configure World' settings
   if (!locked("prec")) precInput.value = precOutput.value = gauss(120, 20, 5, 500);
   const tMax = +temperatureEquatorOutput.max, tMin = +temperatureEquatorOutput.min; // temperature extremes
   if (!locked("temperatureEquator")) temperatureEquatorOutput.value = temperatureEquatorInput.value = rand(tMax-6, tMax);
   if (!locked("temperaturePole")) temperaturePoleOutput.value = temperaturePoleInput.value = rand(tMin, tMin+10);
-  if (!locked("mapSize")) mapSizeOutput.value = mapSizeInput.value = gauss(50, 20, 15, 100);
-  if (!locked("latitude")) latitudeOutput.value = latitudeInput.value = gauss(50, 20, 15, 100);
 
   // 'Units Editor' settings
   const US = navigator.language === "en-US";
@@ -338,6 +335,21 @@ function randomizeOptions() {
   if (!stored("temperatureScale")) temperatureScale.value = US ? "°F" : "°C";
 }
 
+// select culture set pseudo-randomly
+function randomizeCultureSet() {
+  const sets = {
+    "world":       25,
+    "european":    20,
+    "oriental":    10,
+    "english":     10,
+    "antique":     5,
+    "highFantasy": 22,
+    "darkFantasy": 6,
+    "random":      2};
+  culturesSet.value = rw(sets);
+  changeCultureSet();
+}
+
 // remove all saved data from LocalStorage and reload the page
 function restoreDefaultOptions() {
   localStorage.clear();
diff --git a/modules/ui/states-editor.js b/modules/ui/states-editor.js
index 7e05a4f6..40a5723b 100644
--- a/modules/ui/states-editor.js
+++ b/modules/ui/states-editor.js
@@ -749,8 +749,7 @@ function editStates() {
       const center = burgCell ? burgCell : provCells[0];
       const burg = burgCell ? cells.burg[burgCell] : 0;
 
-      const name = burgCell && Math.random() < .7 
-        ? getAdjective(pack.burgs[burg].name) 
+      const name = burgCell && P(.7) ? getAdjective(pack.burgs[burg].name) 
         : getAdjective(states[state].name) + " " + provinces[initProv].name.split(" ").slice(-1)[0];
       const formName = name.split(" ").length > 1 ? provinces[initProv].formName : rw(form);
       const fullName = name + " " + formName;
diff --git a/modules/utils.js b/modules/utils.js
index 77f1463f..de3c4cbe 100644
--- a/modules/utils.js
+++ b/modules/utils.js
@@ -217,11 +217,17 @@ function convertTemperature(c) {
 
 // random number in a range
 function rand(min, max) {
-  if (min === undefined && !max === undefined) return Math.random();
+  if (min === undefined && max === undefined) return Math.random();
   if (max === undefined) {max = min; min = 0;}
   return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;
 }
 
+// probability shorthand
+function P(probability) {
+  return Math.random() < probability;
+}
+
+// random number (normal or gaussian distribution)
 function gauss(expected = 100, deviation = 30, min = 0, max = 300, round = 0) {
   return rn(Math.max(Math.min(d3.randomNormal(expected, deviation)(), max), min), round);
 }
@@ -380,7 +386,7 @@ function getAdjective(string) {
   // special cases for some suffixes
   if (string.length > 8 && string.slice(-6) === "orszag") return string.slice(0, -6);
   if (string.length > 6 && string.slice(-4) === "stan") return string.slice(0, -4);
-  if (Math.random() < .5 && string.slice(-4) === "land") return string + "ic";
+  if (P(.5) && string.slice(-4) === "land") return string + "ic";
   if (string.slice(-4) === " Guo") string = string.slice(0, -4);
 
   // don't change is name ends on suffix
@@ -447,9 +453,9 @@ function lim(v) {
 // get number from string in format "1-3" or "2" or "0.5"
 function getNumberInRange(r) {
   if (typeof r !== "string") {console.error("The value should be a string", r); return 0;}
-  if (!isNaN(+r)) return +r;
+  if (!isNaN(+r)) return ~~r + +P(r - ~~r);
   const sign = r[0] === "-" ? -1 : 1;
-  if (isNaN(+r[0])) r = r.slice(1);  
+  if (isNaN(+r[0])) r = r.slice(1);
   const range = r.includes("-") ? r.split("-") : null;
   if (!range) {console.error("Cannot parse the number. Check the format", r); return 0;}
   const count = rand(range[0] * sign, +range[1]);