'use strict';

window.Cultures = (function () {
  let cells;

  const generate = function () {
    TIME && console.time('generateCultures');
    cells = pack.cells;
    cells.culture = new Uint16Array(cells.i.length); // cell cultures
    let count = Math.min(+culturesInput.value, +culturesSet.selectedOptions[0].dataset.max);

    const populated = cells.i.filter((i) => cells.s[i]); // populated cells
    if (populated.length < count * 25) {
      count = Math.floor(populated.length / 50);
      if (!count) {
        WARN && console.warn(`There are no populated cells. Cannot generate cultures`);
        pack.cultures = [{name: 'Wildlands', i: 0, base: 1, shield: 'round'}];
        alertMessage.innerHTML = `
          The climate is harsh and people cannot live in this world.<br>
          No cultures, states and burgs will be created.<br>
          Please consider changing climate settings in the World Configurator`;
        $('#alert').dialog({
          resizable: false,
          title: 'Extreme climate warning',
          buttons: {
            Ok: function () {
              $(this).dialog('close');
            }
          }
        });
        return;
      } else {
        WARN && console.warn(`Not enough populated cells (${populated.length}). Will generate only ${count} cultures`);
        alertMessage.innerHTML = `
          There are only ${populated.length} populated cells and it's insufficient livable area.<br>
          Only ${count} out of ${culturesInput.value} requested cultures will be generated.<br>
          Please consider changing climate settings in the World Configurator`;
        $('#alert').dialog({
          resizable: false,
          title: 'Extreme climate warning',
          buttons: {
            Ok: function () {
              $(this).dialog('close');
            }
          }
        });
      }
    }

    const cultures = (pack.cultures = selectCultures(count));
    const centers = d3.quadtree();
    const colors = getColors(count);
    const emblemShape = document.getElementById('emblemShape').value;

    const codes = [];
    cultures.forEach(function (c, i) {
      const cell = (c.center = placeCenter(c.sort ? c.sort : (i) => cells.s[i]));
      centers.add(cells.p[cell]);
      c.i = i + 1;
      delete c.odd;
      delete c.sort;
      c.color = colors[i];
      c.type = defineCultureType(cell);
      c.expansionism = defineCultureExpansionism(c.type);
      c.origin = 0;
      c.code = abbreviate(c.name, codes);
      codes.push(c.code);
      cells.culture[cell] = i + 1;
      if (emblemShape === 'random') c.shield = getRandomShield();
    });

    function placeCenter(v) {
      let c,
        spacing = (graphWidth + graphHeight) / 2 / count;
      const sorted = [...populated].sort((a, b) => v(b) - v(a)),
        max = Math.floor(sorted.length / 2);
      do {
        c = sorted[biased(0, max, 5)];
        spacing *= 0.9;
      } while (centers.find(cells.p[c][0], cells.p[c][1], spacing) !== undefined);
      return c;
    }

    // the first culture with id 0 is for wildlands
    cultures.unshift({name: 'Wildlands', i: 0, base: 1, origin: null, shield: 'round'});

    // make sure all bases exist in nameBases
    if (!nameBases.length) {
      ERROR && console.error('Name base is empty, default nameBases will be applied');
      nameBases = Names.getNameBases();
    }

    cultures.forEach((c) => (c.base = c.base % nameBases.length));

    function selectCultures(c) {
      let def = getDefault(c);
      if (c === def.length) return def;
      if (def.every((d) => d.odd === 1)) return def.splice(0, c);

      const count = Math.min(c, def.length);
      const cultures = [];

      for (let culture, rnd, i = 0; cultures.length < count && i < 200; i++) {
        do {
          rnd = rand(def.length - 1);
          culture = def[rnd];
        } while (!P(culture.odd));
        cultures.push(culture);
        def.splice(rnd, 1);
      }
      return cultures;
    }

    // set culture type based on culture center position
    function defineCultureType(i) {
      if (cells.h[i] < 70 && [1, 2, 4].includes(cells.biome[i])) return 'Nomadic'; // high penalty in forest biomes and near coastline
      if (cells.h[i] > 50) return 'Highland'; // no penalty for hills and moutains, high for other elevations
      const f = pack.features[cells.f[cells.haven[i]]]; // opposite feature
      if (f.type === 'lake' && f.cells > 5) return 'Lake'; // low water cross penalty and high for growth not along coastline
      if ((cells.harbor[i] && f.type !== 'lake' && P(0.1)) || (cells.harbor[i] === 1 && P(0.6)) || (pack.features[cells.f[i]].group === 'isle' && P(0.4))) return 'Naval'; // low water cross penalty and high for non-along-coastline growth
      if (cells.r[i] && cells.fl[i] > 100) return 'River'; // no River cross penalty, penalty for non-River growth
      if (cells.t[i] > 2 && [3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12].includes(cells.biome[i])) return 'Hunting'; // high penalty in non-native biomes
      return 'Generic';
    }

    function defineCultureExpansionism(type) {
      let base = 1; // Generic
      if (type === 'Lake') base = 0.8;
      else if (type === 'Naval') base = 1.5;
      else if (type === 'River') base = 0.9;
      else if (type === 'Nomadic') base = 1.5;
      else if (type === 'Hunting') base = 0.7;
      else if (type === 'Highland') base = 1.2;
      return rn(((Math.random() * powerInput.value) / 2 + 1) * base, 1);
    }

    TIME && console.timeEnd('generateCultures');
  };

  const add = function (center) {
    const defaultCultures = getDefault();
    let culture, base, name;

    if (pack.cultures.length < defaultCultures.length) {
      // add one of the default cultures
      culture = pack.cultures.length;
      base = defaultCultures[culture].base;
      name = defaultCultures[culture].name;
    } else {
      // add random culture besed on one of the current ones
      culture = rand(pack.cultures.length - 1);
      name = Names.getCulture(culture, 5, 8, '');
      base = pack.cultures[culture].base;
    }
    const code = abbreviate(
      name,
      pack.cultures.map((c) => c.code)
    );
    const i = pack.cultures.length;
    const color = d3.color(d3.scaleSequential(d3.interpolateRainbow)(Math.random())).hex();

    // define emblem shape
    let shield = culture.shield;
    const emblemShape = document.getElementById('emblemShape').value;
    if (emblemShape === 'random') shield = getRandomShield();

    pack.cultures.push({name, color, base, center, i, expansionism: 1, type: 'Generic', cells: 0, area: 0, rural: 0, urban: 0, origin: 0, code, shield});
  };

  const getDefault = function (count) {
    // generic sorting functions
    const cells = pack.cells,
      s = cells.s,
      sMax = d3.max(s),
      t = cells.t,
      h = cells.h,
      temp = grid.cells.temp;
    const n = (cell) => Math.ceil((s[cell] / sMax) * 3); // normalized cell score
    const td = (cell, goal) => {
      const d = Math.abs(temp[cells.g[cell]] - goal);
      return d ? d + 1 : 1;
    }; // temperature difference fee
    const bd = (cell, biomes, fee = 4) => (biomes.includes(cells.biome[cell]) ? 1 : fee); // biome difference fee
    const sf = (cell, fee = 4) => (cells.haven[cell] && pack.features[cells.f[cells.haven[cell]]].type !== 'lake' ? 1 : fee); // not on sea coast fee

    if (culturesSet.value === 'european') {
      return [
        {name: 'Shwazen', base: 0, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 10) / bd(i, [6, 8]), shield: 'swiss'},
        {name: 'Angshire', base: 1, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 10) / sf(i), shield: 'wedged'},
        {name: 'Luari', base: 2, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 12) / bd(i, [6, 8]), shield: 'french'},
        {name: 'Tallian', base: 3, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 15), shield: 'horsehead'},
        {name: 'Astellian', base: 4, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 16), shield: 'spanish'},
        {name: 'Slovan', base: 5, odd: 1, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 6)) * t[i], shield: 'polish'},
        {name: 'Norse', base: 6, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 5), shield: 'heater'},
        {name: 'Elladan', base: 7, odd: 1, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 18)) * h[i], shield: 'boeotian'},
        {name: 'Romian', base: 8, odd: 0.2, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 15) / t[i], shield: 'roman'},
        {name: 'Soumi', base: 9, odd: 1, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 5) / bd(i, [9])) * t[i], shield: 'pavise'},
        {name: 'Portuzian', base: 13, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 17) / sf(i), shield: 'renaissance'},
        {name: 'Vengrian', base: 15, odd: 1, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 11) / bd(i, [4])) * t[i], shield: 'horsehead2'},
        {name: 'Turchian', base: 16, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 14), shield: 'round'},
        {name: 'Euskati', base: 20, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 15)) * h[i], shield: 'oldFrench'},
        {name: 'Keltan', base: 22, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 11) / bd(i, [6, 8])) * t[i], shield: 'oval'}
      ];
    }

    if (culturesSet.value === 'oriental') {
      return [
        {name: 'Koryo', base: 10, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 12) / t[i], shield: 'round'},
        {name: 'Hantzu', base: 11, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 13), shield: 'banner'},
        {name: 'Yamoto', base: 12, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 15) / t[i], shield: 'round'},
        {name: 'Turchian', base: 16, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 12), shield: 'round'},
        {name: 'Berberan', base: 17, odd: 0.2, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 19) / bd(i, [1, 2, 3], 7)) * t[i], shield: 'oval'},
        {name: 'Eurabic', base: 18, odd: 1, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 26) / bd(i, [1, 2], 7)) * t[i], shield: 'oval'},
        {name: 'Efratic', base: 23, odd: 0.1, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 22)) * t[i], shield: 'round'},
        {name: 'Tehrani', base: 24, odd: 1, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 18)) * h[i], shield: 'round'},
        {name: 'Maui', base: 25, odd: 0.2, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 24) / sf(i) / t[i], shield: 'vesicaPiscis'},
        {name: 'Carnatic', base: 26, odd: 0.5, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 26), shield: 'round'},
        {name: 'Vietic', base: 29, odd: 0.8, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 25) / bd(i, [7], 7) / t[i], shield: 'banner'},
        {name: 'Guantzu', base: 30, odd: 0.5, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 17), shield: 'banner'},
        {name: 'Ulus', base: 31, odd: 1, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 5) / bd(i, [2, 4, 10], 7)) * t[i], shield: 'banner'}
      ];
    }

    if (culturesSet.value === 'english') {
      const getName = () => Names.getBase(1, 5, 9, '', 0);
      return [
        {name: getName(), base: 1, odd: 1, shield: 'heater'},
        {name: getName(), base: 1, odd: 1, shield: 'wedged'},
        {name: getName(), base: 1, odd: 1, shield: 'swiss'},
        {name: getName(), base: 1, odd: 1, shield: 'oldFrench'},
        {name: getName(), base: 1, odd: 1, shield: 'swiss'},
        {name: getName(), base: 1, odd: 1, shield: 'spanish'},
        {name: getName(), base: 1, odd: 1, shield: 'hessen'},
        {name: getName(), base: 1, odd: 1, shield: 'fantasy5'},
        {name: getName(), base: 1, odd: 1, shield: 'fantasy4'},
        {name: getName(), base: 1, odd: 1, shield: 'fantasy1'}
      ];
    }

    if (culturesSet.value === 'antique') {
      return [
        {name: 'Roman', base: 8, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 14) / t[i], shield: 'roman'}, // Roman
        {name: 'Roman', base: 8, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 15) / sf(i), shield: 'roman'}, // Roman
        {name: 'Roman', base: 8, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 16) / sf(i), shield: 'roman'}, // Roman
        {name: 'Roman', base: 8, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 17) / t[i], shield: 'roman'}, // Roman
        {name: 'Hellenic', base: 7, odd: 1, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 18) / sf(i)) * h[i], shield: 'boeotian'}, // Greek
        {name: 'Hellenic', base: 7, odd: 1, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 19) / sf(i)) * h[i], shield: 'boeotian'}, // Greek
        {name: 'Macedonian', base: 7, odd: 0.5, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 12)) * h[i], shield: 'round'}, // Greek
        {name: 'Celtic', base: 22, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 11) ** 0.5 / bd(i, [6, 8]), shield: 'round'},
        {name: 'Germanic', base: 0, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 10) ** 0.5 / bd(i, [6, 8]), shield: 'round'},
        {name: 'Persian', base: 24, odd: 0.8, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 18)) * h[i], shield: 'oval'}, // Iranian
        {name: 'Scythian', base: 24, odd: 0.5, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 11) ** 0.5 / bd(i, [4]), shield: 'round'}, // Iranian
        {name: 'Cantabrian', base: 20, odd: 0.5, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 16)) * h[i], shield: 'oval'}, // Basque
        {name: 'Estian', base: 9, odd: 0.2, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 5)) * t[i], shield: 'pavise'}, // Finnic
        {name: 'Carthaginian', base: 17, odd: 0.3, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 19) / sf(i), shield: 'oval'}, // Berber
        {name: 'Mesopotamian', base: 23, odd: 0.2, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 22) / bd(i, [1, 2, 3]), shield: 'oval'} // Mesopotamian
      ];
    }

    if (culturesSet.value === 'highFantasy') {
      return [
        // fantasy races
        {name: 'Quenian (Elfish)', base: 33, odd: 1, sort: (i) => (n(i) / bd(i, [6, 7, 8, 9], 10)) * t[i], shield: 'gondor'}, // Elves
        {name: 'Eldar (Elfish)', base: 33, odd: 1, sort: (i) => (n(i) / bd(i, [6, 7, 8, 9], 10)) * t[i], shield: 'noldor'}, // Elves
        {name: 'Trow (Dark Elfish)', base: 34, odd: 0.9, sort: (i) => (n(i) / bd(i, [7, 8, 9, 12], 10)) * t[i], shield: 'hessen'}, // Dark Elves
        {name: 'Lothian (Dark Elfish)', base: 34, odd: 0.3, sort: (i) => (n(i) / bd(i, [7, 8, 9, 12], 10)) * t[i], shield: 'wedged'}, // Dark Elves
        {name: 'Dunirr (Dwarven)', base: 35, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) + h[i], shield: 'ironHills'}, // Dwarfs
        {name: 'Khazadur (Dwarven)', base: 35, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) + h[i], shield: 'erebor'}, // Dwarfs
        {name: 'Kobold (Goblin)', base: 36, odd: 1, sort: (i) => t[i] - s[i], shield: 'moriaOrc'}, // Goblin
        {name: 'Uruk (Orkish)', base: 37, odd: 1, sort: (i) => h[i] * t[i], shield: 'urukHai'}, // Orc
        {name: 'Ugluk (Orkish)', base: 37, odd: 0.5, sort: (i) => (h[i] * t[i]) / bd(i, [1, 2, 10, 11]), shield: 'moriaOrc'}, // Orc
        {name: 'Yotunn (Giants)', base: 38, odd: 0.7, sort: (i) => td(i, -10), shield: 'pavise'}, // Giant
        {name: 'Rake (Drakonic)', base: 39, odd: 0.7, sort: (i) => -s[i], shield: 'fantasy2'}, // Draconic
        {name: 'Arago (Arachnid)', base: 40, odd: 0.7, sort: (i) => t[i] - s[i], shield: 'horsehead2'}, // Arachnid
        {name: "Aj'Snaga (Serpents)", base: 41, odd: 0.7, sort: (i) => n(i) / bd(i, [12], 10), shield: 'fantasy1'}, // Serpents
        // fantasy human
        {name: 'Anor (Human)', base: 32, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 10), shield: 'fantasy5'},
        {name: 'Dail (Human)', base: 32, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 13), shield: 'roman'},
        {name: 'Rohand (Human)', base: 16, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 16), shield: 'round'},
        {name: 'Dulandir (Human)', base: 31, odd: 1, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 5) / bd(i, [2, 4, 10], 7)) * t[i], shield: 'easterling'}
      ];
    }

    if (culturesSet.value === 'darkFantasy') {
      return [
        // common real-world English
        {name: 'Angshire', base: 1, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 10) / sf(i), shield: 'heater'},
        {name: 'Enlandic', base: 1, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 12), shield: 'heater'},
        {name: 'Westen', base: 1, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 10), shield: 'heater'},
        {name: 'Nortumbic', base: 1, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 7), shield: 'heater'},
        {name: 'Mercian', base: 1, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 9), shield: 'heater'},
        {name: 'Kentian', base: 1, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 12), shield: 'heater'},
        // rare real-world western
        {name: 'Norse', base: 6, odd: 0.7, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 5) / sf(i), shield: 'oldFrench'},
        {name: 'Schwarzen', base: 0, odd: 0.3, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 10) / bd(i, [6, 8]), shield: 'gonfalon'},
        {name: 'Luarian', base: 2, odd: 0.3, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 12) / bd(i, [6, 8]), shield: 'oldFrench'},
        {name: 'Hetallian', base: 3, odd: 0.3, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 15), shield: 'oval'},
        {name: 'Astellian', base: 4, odd: 0.3, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 16), shield: 'spanish'},
        // rare real-world exotic
        {name: 'Kiswaili', base: 28, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 29) / bd(i, [1, 3, 5, 7]), shield: 'vesicaPiscis'},
        {name: 'Yoruba', base: 21, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 15) / bd(i, [5, 7]), shield: 'vesicaPiscis'},
        {name: 'Koryo', base: 10, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 12) / t[i], shield: 'round'},
        {name: 'Hantzu', base: 11, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 13), shield: 'banner'},
        {name: 'Yamoto', base: 12, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 15) / t[i], shield: 'round'},
        {name: 'Guantzu', base: 30, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 17), shield: 'banner'},
        {name: 'Ulus', base: 31, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 5) / bd(i, [2, 4, 10], 7)) * t[i], shield: 'banner'},
        {name: 'Turan', base: 16, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 12), shield: 'round'},
        {name: 'Berberan', base: 17, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 19) / bd(i, [1, 2, 3], 7)) * t[i], shield: 'round'},
        {name: 'Eurabic', base: 18, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 26) / bd(i, [1, 2], 7)) * t[i], shield: 'round'},
        {name: 'Slovan', base: 5, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 6)) * t[i], shield: 'round'},
        {name: 'Keltan', base: 22, odd: 0.1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 11) ** 0.5 / bd(i, [6, 8]), shield: 'vesicaPiscis'},
        {name: 'Elladan', base: 7, odd: 0.2, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 18) / sf(i)) * h[i], shield: 'boeotian'},
        {name: 'Romian', base: 8, odd: 0.2, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 14) / t[i], shield: 'roman'},
        // fantasy races
        {name: 'Eldar', base: 33, odd: 0.5, sort: (i) => (n(i) / bd(i, [6, 7, 8, 9], 10)) * t[i], shield: 'fantasy5'}, // Elves
        {name: 'Trow', base: 34, odd: 0.8, sort: (i) => (n(i) / bd(i, [7, 8, 9, 12], 10)) * t[i], shield: 'hessen'}, // Dark Elves
        {name: 'Durinn', base: 35, odd: 0.8, sort: (i) => n(i) + h[i], shield: 'erebor'}, // Dwarven
        {name: 'Kobblin', base: 36, odd: 0.8, sort: (i) => t[i] - s[i], shield: 'moriaOrc'}, // Goblin
        {name: 'Uruk', base: 37, odd: 0.8, sort: (i) => (h[i] * t[i]) / bd(i, [1, 2, 10, 11]), shield: 'urukHai'}, // Orc
        {name: 'Yotunn', base: 38, odd: 0.8, sort: (i) => td(i, -10), shield: 'pavise'}, // Giant
        {name: 'Drake', base: 39, odd: 0.9, sort: (i) => -s[i], shield: 'fantasy2'}, // Draconic
        {name: 'Rakhnid', base: 40, odd: 0.9, sort: (i) => t[i] - s[i], shield: 'horsehead2'}, // Arachnid
        {name: "Aj'Snaga", base: 41, odd: 0.9, sort: (i) => n(i) / bd(i, [12], 10), shield: 'fantasy1'} // Serpents
      ];
    }

    if (culturesSet.value === 'random') {
      return d3.range(count).map(function () {
        const rnd = rand(nameBases.length - 1);
        const name = Names.getBaseShort(rnd);
        return {name, base: rnd, odd: 1, shield: getRandomShield()};
      });
    }

    // all-world
    return [
      {name: 'Shwazen', base: 0, odd: 0.7, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 10) / bd(i, [6, 8]), shield: 'hessen'},
      {name: 'Angshire', base: 1, odd: 1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 10) / sf(i), shield: 'heater'},
      {name: 'Luari', base: 2, odd: 0.6, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 12) / bd(i, [6, 8]), shield: 'oldFrench'},
      {name: 'Tallian', base: 3, odd: 0.6, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 15), shield: 'horsehead2'},
      {name: 'Astellian', base: 4, odd: 0.6, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 16), shield: 'spanish'},
      {name: 'Slovan', base: 5, odd: 0.7, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 6)) * t[i], shield: 'round'},
      {name: 'Norse', base: 6, odd: 0.7, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 5), shield: 'heater'},
      {name: 'Elladan', base: 7, odd: 0.7, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 18)) * h[i], shield: 'boeotian'},
      {name: 'Romian', base: 8, odd: 0.7, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 15), shield: 'roman'},
      {name: 'Soumi', base: 9, odd: 0.3, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 5) / bd(i, [9])) * t[i], shield: 'pavise'},
      {name: 'Koryo', base: 10, odd: 0.1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 12) / t[i], shield: 'round'},
      {name: 'Hantzu', base: 11, odd: 0.1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 13), shield: 'banner'},
      {name: 'Yamoto', base: 12, odd: 0.1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 15) / t[i], shield: 'round'},
      {name: 'Portuzian', base: 13, odd: 0.4, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 17) / sf(i), shield: 'spanish'},
      {name: 'Nawatli', base: 14, odd: 0.1, sort: (i) => h[i] / td(i, 18) / bd(i, [7]), shield: 'square'},
      {name: 'Vengrian', base: 15, odd: 0.2, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 11) / bd(i, [4])) * t[i], shield: 'wedged'},
      {name: 'Turchian', base: 16, odd: 0.2, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 13), shield: 'round'},
      {name: 'Berberan', base: 17, odd: 0.1, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 19) / bd(i, [1, 2, 3], 7)) * t[i], shield: 'round'},
      {name: 'Eurabic', base: 18, odd: 0.2, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 26) / bd(i, [1, 2], 7)) * t[i], shield: 'round'},
      {name: 'Inuk', base: 19, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => td(i, -1) / bd(i, [10, 11]) / sf(i), shield: 'square'},
      {name: 'Euskati', base: 20, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 15)) * h[i], shield: 'spanish'},
      {name: 'Yoruba', base: 21, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 15) / bd(i, [5, 7]), shield: 'vesicaPiscis'},
      {name: 'Keltan', base: 22, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 11) / bd(i, [6, 8])) * t[i], shield: 'vesicaPiscis'},
      {name: 'Efratic', base: 23, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 22)) * t[i], shield: 'diamond'},
      {name: 'Tehrani', base: 24, odd: 0.1, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 18)) * h[i], shield: 'round'},
      {name: 'Maui', base: 25, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 24) / sf(i) / t[i], shield: 'round'},
      {name: 'Carnatic', base: 26, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 26), shield: 'round'},
      {name: 'Inqan', base: 27, odd: 0.05, sort: (i) => h[i] / td(i, 13), shield: 'square'},
      {name: 'Kiswaili', base: 28, odd: 0.1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 29) / bd(i, [1, 3, 5, 7]), shield: 'vesicaPiscis'},
      {name: 'Vietic', base: 29, odd: 0.1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 25) / bd(i, [7], 7) / t[i], shield: 'banner'},
      {name: 'Guantzu', base: 30, odd: 0.1, sort: (i) => n(i) / td(i, 17), shield: 'banner'},
      {name: 'Ulus', base: 31, odd: 0.1, sort: (i) => (n(i) / td(i, 5) / bd(i, [2, 4, 10], 7)) * t[i], shield: 'banner'}
    ];
  };

  // expand cultures across the map (Dijkstra-like algorithm)
  const expand = function () {
    TIME && console.time('expandCultures');
    cells = pack.cells;

    const queue = new PriorityQueue({comparator: (a, b) => a.p - b.p});
    pack.cultures.forEach(function (c) {
      if (!c.i || c.removed) return;
      queue.queue({e: c.center, p: 0, c: c.i});
    });

    const neutral = (cells.i.length / 5000) * 3000 * neutralInput.value; // limit cost for culture growth
    const cost = [];
    while (queue.length) {
      const next = queue.dequeue(),
        n = next.e,
        p = next.p,
        c = next.c;
      const type = pack.cultures[c].type;
      cells.c[n].forEach(function (e) {
        const biome = cells.biome[e];
        const biomeCost = getBiomeCost(c, biome, type);
        const biomeChangeCost = biome === cells.biome[n] ? 0 : 20; // penalty on biome change
        const heightCost = getHeightCost(e, cells.h[e], type);
        const riverCost = getRiverCost(cells.r[e], e, type);
        const typeCost = getTypeCost(cells.t[e], type);
        const totalCost = p + (biomeCost + biomeChangeCost + heightCost + riverCost + typeCost) / pack.cultures[c].expansionism;

        if (totalCost > neutral) return;

        if (!cost[e] || totalCost < cost[e]) {
          if (cells.s[e] > 0) cells.culture[e] = c; // assign culture to populated cell
          cost[e] = totalCost;
          queue.queue({e, p: totalCost, c});
        }
      });
    }

    TIME && console.timeEnd('expandCultures');
  };

  function getBiomeCost(c, biome, type) {
    if (cells.biome[pack.cultures[c].center] === biome) return 10; // tiny penalty for native biome
    if (type === 'Hunting') return biomesData.cost[biome] * 5; // non-native biome penalty for hunters
    if (type === 'Nomadic' && biome > 4 && biome < 10) return biomesData.cost[biome] * 10; // forest biome penalty for nomads
    return biomesData.cost[biome] * 2; // general non-native biome penalty
  }

  function getHeightCost(i, h, type) {
    const f = pack.features[cells.f[i]],
      a = cells.area[i];
    if (type === 'Lake' && f.type === 'lake') return 10; // no lake crossing penalty for Lake cultures
    if (type === 'Naval' && h < 20) return a * 2; // low sea/lake crossing penalty for Naval cultures
    if (type === 'Nomadic' && h < 20) return a * 50; // giant sea/lake crossing penalty for Nomads
    if (h < 20) return a * 6; // general sea/lake crossing penalty
    if (type === 'Highland' && h < 44) return 3000; // giant penalty for highlanders on lowlands
    if (type === 'Highland' && h < 62) return 200; // giant penalty for highlanders on lowhills
    if (type === 'Highland') return 0; // no penalty for highlanders on highlands
    if (h >= 67) return 200; // general mountains crossing penalty
    if (h >= 44) return 30; // general hills crossing penalty
    return 0;
  }

  function getRiverCost(r, i, type) {
    if (type === 'River') return r ? 0 : 100; // penalty for river cultures
    if (!r) return 0; // no penalty for others if there is no river
    return minmax(cells.fl[i] / 10, 20, 100); // river penalty from 20 to 100 based on flux
  }

  function getTypeCost(t, type) {
    if (t === 1) return type === 'Naval' || type === 'Lake' ? 0 : type === 'Nomadic' ? 60 : 20; // penalty for coastline
    if (t === 2) return type === 'Naval' || type === 'Nomadic' ? 30 : 0; // low penalty for land level 2 for Navals and nomads
    if (t !== -1) return type === 'Naval' || type === 'Lake' ? 100 : 0; // penalty for mainland for navals
    return 0;
  }

  const getRandomShield = function () {
    const type = rw(COA.shields.types);
    return rw(COA.shields[type]);
  };

  return {generate, add, expand, getDefault, getRandomShield};
})();